The cyclometalated Anionic complex 1, K [Pt(bzq)(Me)(CN) ] obtained from the reaction of the neutral complex [Pt(bzq)(Me)(SMe2)], A, with one equivalent of potassium cyanide salt in methanol solvent at ambient temperature. Also, the reaction of complexes A and B, [Pt(bzq)(p-T)(SMe2)] with one equivalent of sodium cyanide salt in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent and then in order to cation exchange from sodium to Tetrabutylammonium, tetrabutylammonium perchlorate salt was added to the yellow solution and stirred at ambient temperature. Finally cyclometalated Anionic complexes 2, NBu4[Pt(bzq)(Me)(CN)] and 3, NBu4[Pt(bzq)(p-T)(CN)] were prepared, which are soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone, dichloromethane and chloroform. All compounds were analyzed and identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HNMR), elemental analysis (CHN) and Infrared spectroscopy (IR). In order to prepare a single crystal, complex 3 was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent, and the yellow solution was subjected to slow evaporation, and with the passage of time, the cyanide ligand was replaced with DMSO ligand, and the neutral complex 4, [Pt(bzq)(p-T)(DMSO)] was obtained.

In this paper, in addition to some elementary facts about the ultra-groups, which their structure based on the properties of the transversal of a subgroup of a group, we focus on the relation between a group and an ultra-group. It is verified that every group is an ultra-group, but the converse is not true generally. We present the conditions under which, for every normal subultra-group of an ultra-group over a group, there exists a normal subgroup of that certain group. Moreover, by proving this feature that a monomorphism in groups preserve the ultra-groups over groups, we show that, corresponding to any monomorphism in groups, there is an ultragroup homomorphism on the subgroups of those groups. Finally, we prove isomorphism theorems for ultra-groups. These theorems connect three notions subultra-group, normal subultra-group, quotient ultra-group, and directly, similar to the isomorphism theorems in group theory and module theory are proved.

Griseofulvin is a poorly soluble antibiotic drug with an irregular oral absorption. To improve the dissolution rate, chemical stability, absorption and bioavailavility, pharmaceutical modification of drug molecules has been developed by inclusion complexation. Three types of inclusion complexes were prepared by coprecipitation method in various molar ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 of the drug and B-cyclodextrin respectively. The inclusion complexes were characterized by dissolution test and IR studies. Sodium lauryl sulfate as an Anionic surfactant was used with the concentration of 1, 2 and 3% w/w in the tablet formulations. In vitro drug release studies showed that SLS significantly increased the dissolution rate of griseofulvin. Finally, the effect of the inclusion complex and SLS in the concentration of 3% was determined on the dissolution rate of the drug. Addition of SLS to the formulation containing the complex decreased the dissolution rate of griseofulvin.

Synthetic water soluble acrylamide-based polymers have wide range of applications in the field of soil establishment and non-desertification. In this research, the acrylamide-based Anionic polyelectrolytes were prepared by solution polymerization. The polymerization was carried out using AIBN as a radical initiator and at different degrees of Anionic charges ranging between 10% and 30% using sodium hydroxide as hydrolyzing agents. The chemical structure of the synthetic polymers was studied and confirmed by FTIR technique. The charge density on polymer backbone was determined by titration method. The rheological behavior of polymer solutions was evaluated by Brookfield viscometer. The results show that the viscosity decreases with increasing the shear rate of solutions. Molecular weights of samples were measured by laser light scattering analyzer. The morphology of the polymer was studied by SEM and the EDX was used for elemental analysis determination. The Anionic polymers with 10-30% negative charges were mixed with clay in order to evaluate the soil establishment. The results show that an Anionic polyelectrolyte can make soil particles more cohesive and improve soil physical properties.

We assessed amount of surfactants and their seasonal trend in eight stations in Anzali Lagoon and compared them with allowable levels in the years 2001 - 2002. We obtained 96 water samples and determined their surfactant content using liquid -liquid method applying methylene blue active substance (MBAS).The concentration of surfactants in Pirbazar varied from 0.176 to 0.422 while that of the Sea station was somewhere between 0.098 to 0.049 mg/l. Seasonal concentration of surfactants varied from0.049 to 0.422 mg/l averaging on 0.137 mg/I. A significant difference was found for surfactant concentration in different parts of the lagoon (p<0.05) with the eastern zone being the most polluted area with 0.422 g/l of the pollutants compared to 0.066 mg/l in the Sea. The highest amount of the surfactants was seen in winter in contrast to the lowest amount in spring. No statistically significant difference was found between concentrations of the surfactants in different seasons.

Rhenium hepta-oxide (Re2O7) is the most prominent Re compound industrially produced as a by-product of molybdenum roasting process. This material is highly soluble in water resulting in formation of ReO4- anions dissolved in a weak acid medium. For ReO4- extraction, different ionexchange (IX) resins can be used to adsorb the metal containing anion. Ion exchange reactions are generally obscure with unknown stoichiometric coefficients simply assumed equal to unity by majority of researchers.These coefficients play a significant role in the thermodynamics and kinetics calculations carried out for design and optimization of the IX systems. Combining the experimental data obtained for the three different brands of resins used in this investigation with the equilibrium correlations, the stoichiometric coefficients of the ReO4- anion exchange reactions with Cl- anion were mathematically determined.Utilizing the stoichiometric coefficients obtained and measuring the effect of temperature on the rhenium distribution ratio between solution and the resins, the apparent standard Gibbs free energies of the ion exchange reactions for standard states were evaluated for followings: (a) ionic resin: resin leached in 1 normal hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, (b) metal containing solution: 1 normal potassium perrhenate and (c) salt produced by exchange reaction: 1 normal potassium chloride dissolved in water were determined. The said reactions were found to be as follows:ΔGºapp= 56.781-0.274T (j/mol) for Amberlite,ΔGºapp= 53.047-0.257T(j/mol) for VarionΔGºapp= 50.205-0.247T(j/mol) for PuroliteAnionic resins.